Nhoroondo yeamburera yemvura haitangi nenyaya yemaamburera emvura zvachose. Asi, amburera yemvura yemazuva ano yakatanga kushandiswa kwete kudzivirira mamiriro ekunze ane mvura, asi zuva. Kunze kwezvimwe zvinyorwa muChina yekare, amburera yemvura yakatanga seamburera (izwi rinonyanya kushandiswa kureva mumvuri wezuva) uye rakanyorwa kuti raishandiswa munzvimbo dzakadai seRoma yekare, Greece yekare, Egypt yekare, Middle East neIndia kare muzana remakore rechina BC Ehe, aya mavhezheni ekare emaamburera emvura yemazuva ano akagadzirwa uye akavakwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita seminhenga, mashizha kana dehwe, asi chimiro chedenga chakafanana zvikuru nezvigadzirwa zvinoonekwa nhasi.
Kazhinji kacho chivharo chezuva kana kuti amburera chaishandiswa nevakadzi munguva dzekare, asi nhengo dzeumambo, vafundisi nevamwe vanoremekedzwa vanowanzoratidzwa mumifananidzo yekare ine mifananidzo iyi yemvura inotangira maamburera emvura emazuva ano. Izvi zvakasvika kure mune dzimwe nguva zvekuti Madzimambo aizivisa kana vanhu vavo vaibvumirwa kushandisa amburera kana kuti kwete, achipa rukudzo urwu kune vabatsiri vake vaaida zvikuru.
Kubva kuvanyori venhau dzakawanda, zvinoita sekunge kushandiswa kwakajairika kweamburera yemvura (kureva kudzivirira kubva mumvura) hakuna kusvika muzana remakore rechi17 (nemamwe mashoko ekupedzisira kwezana remakore rechi16) munyika dzakasarudzwa dzeEurope, nemaItaly, maFrench neChirungu vachitungamira. Maketeni eamburera ema1600 airukwa nesirika, iyo yaisapa kudzivirira mvura zvakanyanya kana ichienzaniswa nemaamburera emvura emazuva ano, asi chimiro chedenga chakasiyana hachina kuchinja kubva pamagadzirirwo ekutanga akanyorwa. Kunyangwe kusvika kuma1600, amburera dzemvura dzaingoonekwa sechigadzirwa chevakadzi vane mukurumbira chete, nevarume vachitarisana nekushorwa kana vakaonekwa vaine imwe.
Pakati pezana remakore rechi18, amburera yemvura yakatanga kushandiswa nevanhukadzi, asi varume vakatanga kuiona kusvika Jonas Hanway wekuEngland agadzira amburera yemvura mumigwagwa yeLondon muna 1750. Kunyange zvazvo aisekwa pakutanga, Hanway amburera yemvura kwese kwaaienda, uye pakupera kwema1700, amburera yemvura yakava chinhu chinoshandiswa nevanhurume nevakadzi. Kutaura zvazviri, mukupera kwema1700 nekutanga kwema1800, "Hanway" yakashanduka kuva rimwe zita reamburera yemvura.
Kusvika kuma1800 kusvika pari zvino, zvinhu zvakashandiswa kugadzira amburera dzemvura zvakashanduka, asi chimiro chimwe chete chedenga chichiripo. Mabhonzo ewhale akatsiviwa nematanda, simbi, aruminiyamu uye ikozvino fiberglass yekugadzira shaft nembabvu, uye machira enylon akagadzirwa mazuva ano akatsiva siriki, mashizha neminhenga senzira yekuchengetedza mamiriro ekunze.
KuOvida Umbrella, amburera dzedu dzemvura dzinotora dhizaini yechinyakare yedenga kubva muna 1998 uye dzinoisanganisa neakanakisa mune tekinoroji yemazuva ano, machira edu uye dhizaini yefashoni uye ruvara kuti tigadzire amburera yemvura yemhando yepamusoro uye ine fashoni yevarume nevakadzi vemazuva ano. Tinovimba muchafarira shanduro yedu yeamburera yemvura sezvatinonakidzwa nekugadzira!
Manyuko:
Crawford, TS Nhoroondo yeAmburera. Taplinger Publishing, 1970.
Stacey, Brenda. Kukwira Nekuderera kweMaamburera. Alan Sutton Publishing, 1991.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-13-2022